Mimari

10 Ocak 2024

12 dk okuma

Lean Yazılım Mimarisi: İlk Günden Ölçeklenebilir Sistemler İnşa Etmek

Startup'ınızla birlikte büyüyen yazılım mimarisini nasıl tasarlayacağınız. Başlangıçtan itibaren over-engineering yapmadan ölçeklenebilir sistemler inşa etmek için pratik pattern'ler ve prensipler.

Lean Mimari Zihniyeti

Geleneksel enterprise mimari, startup'lar için binlerce abstraction ile ölümdür. Bugün 10 kullanıcıyı, yarın 10,000 kullanıcıyı karşılayabilecek sistemlere ihtiyacınız var—arada her şeyi yeniden inşa etmeden.

Lean mimari köşeleri kesmek hakkında değil. Kod kalitesi ve sistem güvenilirliğini korurken, öğrenme ve iterasyon için optimize eden akıllı ödünleşmeler yapmak hakkında.

Lean Mimarinin Temel Prensipleri

Bugün İçin İnşa Et, Yarın İçin Tasarla

Bugünün problemlerini çözen, gelecekteki evrim için net yollar koruyan kod yazın.

Modular design: Bileşenler arasında net sınırlar

Interface-driven development: Harici bağımlılıkları abstract'la

Configuration over code: Deployment olmadan davranış değişiklikleri yap

Progressive Complexity

Start simple and add complexity only when you have data to justify it. The progression typically follows:

Monolith: Single deployable unit for rapid iteration

Modular monolith: Clear internal boundaries

Service extraction: Split only when necessary

Distributed system: Full microservices when you have the team to support it

Observability from Day One

You can't optimize what you can't measure. Build observability into your system architecture:

Structured logging: Machine-readable logs with context

Metrics collection: Business and technical metrics

Distributed tracing: Understand request flows

The Technology Stack Decision Framework

Choose technologies based on three criteria: team expertise, ecosystem maturity, and performance requirements.

For API Development

Node.js/TypeScript

Rapid development, great for CRUD APIs

Better performance, excellent for high-throughput services

Python

Rich ecosystem, great for data-heavy applications

For Frontend

Next.js

Full-stack React with SSR and API routes

Nuxt.js

Vue.js equivalent with great developer experience

SvelteKit

Lightweight and fast for content-heavy sites

Database Architecture Patterns

Start with PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL handles 99% of startup use cases brilliantly. It provides:

ACID transactions for data integrity

JSON columns for flexible schemas

Full-text search capabilities

Horizontal scaling options (read replicas, sharding)

When to Add Specialized Databases

Redis

Caching and session storage

(add when you have performance issues)

Elasticsearch

Advanced search

(add when PostgreSQL search isn't enough)

MongoDB

Document storage

(only if you truly need schema flexibility)

The Evolution Path

Your architecture should evolve with your business:

Stage 1: MVP (0-1K users)

Monolithic application

Single database

Platform-as-a-Service deployment

Stage 2: Growth (1K-100K users)

Modular monolith

Read replicas

CDN implementation

Comprehensive monitoring

Stage 3: Scale (100K+ users)

Service extraction

Database sharding

Advanced caching strategies

Full observability stack

Conclusion: Architecture as Competitive Advantage

Lean architecture isn't about doing less—it's about doing the right things at the right time. By following these principles, you'll build systems that give you speed to market today and the foundation for scale tomorrow.

The best architecture is the one that lets your team move fast while maintaining high standards. Start simple, measure everything, and evolve based on real data, not hypothetical futures.

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